Expanding upon the formal and conceptual concerns of her earlier series like Blue Noise, Red Noise, and Dixie’s Land (1859–2001), Bethany Collins’s Star Spangled Banner (2022) series reflects on the incendiary nature of US politics by excerpting lyrics from different versions of the national anthem. Highlighting alternative versions of the national anthem, Collins’s works expose how dramatically the iconic song has been changed, altered, and adapted since its original 1814 rendition. Lyrics like “land of the brave,” “land of the free,” “land of the freed,” “land of the tyrant,” “land of the south,” and “land of the slave” reveal the different ways in which the song has been deployed during pivotal moments in U.S. history. By including later rewrites from the Confederate and abolitionist parties, Collins reconsiders the language of violence, reworking each description of the land into a constellation of concrete poetry against dark blue fields of color.